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1= 2,500,000 sites in Europe are potentially contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants (EEA, 2018)

2= 35,500 sites in the USA need to be remediated (US EPA 2004).

3= 2,535,520 km² of land area in China is estimated to contain heavy metals and other pollutants that exceed soil quality standards (MEP, 2014).